Essay on My Best Writer - the Story

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Software Process Development

Sample details Pages: 31 Words: 9381 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Software Process Development Abstract Choosing the best suited Software development system (SDS) for any particular project is the first and foremost thing to do. If this step goes wrong or selecting an unsuited SDS for the project may lead to unsuccessful or incomplete or may be delayed to the time expected. Till now many surveys and investigations are done on finding new processes, rectifying the problems in the pervious projects, etc. the new processes every time comes with a new way of implementation of the software development process. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Software Process Development | Engineering Dissertations" essay for you Create order In this project I am investigating on the basic implementation of the SDS with the water fall model and the rapid application development (RAD) model. For this a detailed study of the both the models are done, and then finding out which software development model is best suited for the development of windows applications. For this comparison the yahoo messenger (a windows application) is used as an example. Introduction Software development has become very difficult due to changing requirements, lack of standards, unpredictable schedules, and due to the insufficient training and more than that by the lack of effort by the professionals. After a lot of research, it was clear that the problem is with the process that is used for the software development, rather than the technology, which cause number of the problems in software development and in the maintenance phase. A new terminology is introduced with five levels of the SEI which is known as capability maturity model (CMM). Most of the software life cycle includes six processes they are: requirements engineering, design, programming, integration, delivery, and maintenance. Each of these phases in brief: Requirements Engineering In this phase first all the requirements that are required by the client a0re designers of the site collectively. Then the technique of rapid prototyping in which a prototype program is built that can illustrates the functionality of the desired software model. Using this prototype, clients can understand better how the final product would be, how would be the functionality and from that they can find out whether this is what they really need. If the requirements engineering process is not done properly, the resulting software product will not be useful to the client and it may not run correctly. Design In this process, the analysts and developers decide how to construct the software with the requirements specifications agreed in the requirements specification document. This way of designing is called stepwise refinement, and this allows the developers to control the complexity of the software. After completing the design, it is recorded in design specification document. Programming In this phase, programmers are divided into groups who write the actual code of the software. Before coding starts, the software is divided into separate units called modules. This modularization is done to reduce the complexity of the programming process. This is also responsible for proper documentation that describing the code and for testing the code to ensure that the code is free of bugs. Integration In this phase, the individual modules of the software are combined to form the complete software product. As the modules are developed separately, testing is very important in this integration process. Even when the design is good, some times incompatibilities between modules are likely to exist. All these problems are identified and corrected to complete the integration. Delivery In this phase, the developers deliver the completely working software product to the clients. Usually the clients will test the software to determine whether all the specifications agreed upon in the requirements specification document are fulfilled or not. If the client is satisfied with the software he accepts the software and installs it or else gives back for modifications. Maintenance In this phase, the software undergoes many changes after delivery in order to change the features or to fix the bugs, add new functionality, port the software to new platforms. Its not true that the work is over after delivering the product to client. Actually more work is to be done, after delivering the product, in this maintenance phase. From the investigation done the experts it is surprised to discover that of all the processes, the maintenance phase has the more cost of the life cycle. The diagram below shows the expected costs that are likely to be spending on each of the processes in the software life cycle. As maintenance cost is more, many developers started to use the design approaches that result in software, which is easier to maintain. History of Software Process Models The Software Engineering Institute was established at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1984, under a Department of Defense contract. The mission of this institute is to provide the leadership in advance state of the practice of software engineering that helps to improve the quality of systems that are developed which depend on software. After two years the software process work has began. One of those results was the software process maturity model. In the year of 1987, the Software Engineering Institute and MITRE Corporation produced the first questionnaire on the maturity of a software in general, a set of question that has the options as yes-no are prepared that address organization, management issues and the technical software development process. In the next few years, the Software Engineering Institute developed two methods that are used for the questionnaire to test and conclude the report of an organizations software process. After many reviews, the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) for software was developed which replaced the software process maturity model in the year 1991. The CMM gives the detailed information of the levels of the firms that best suites for the general software process practices that are followed by the firms which are divided into five maturity levels. The questionnaire that are to be satisfied by the firms at there CMM levels , once the current level of operation is attained using the maturity, for further improvement of a companys software process involves in the implementation of the software engineering practices that are needed to reach each of the five levels in an order from the lowest to the highest level. Water Fall Model The water fall model is first and the basic model of software development. From this basic model only all other models were developed. The necessity of developing the water fall model was, until it was developed there was no model or software process work flow model. Thats the reason the water fall was the basic model for software development. Water fall model is divided into separate phases of software development. The phases in Waterfall model are: Requirement Specifications phase, Software Design, Implementation and Testing Maintenance. . All these phases are cascaded to each other so that second phase is started as and when defined set of goals are achieved for first phase and it is signed off, so the name Waterfall Model. All the methods and processes undertaken in Waterfall Model are more visible. All possible requirements of the system to be developed are analyzed in this phase. Requirements are set of functionalities and constraints that the end-user (who will be using the system) expects from the system. The requirements are gathered from the end-user by consulting the customer who have requested for the product. These requirements are analyzed for their validity and the possibility of incorporating the requirements in the system to be development is also studied. Finally, a Requirement Specification document is created which serves the purpose of guideline for the next phase of the model. Next comes the system and software design phase. In this phase, before starting for actual coding, it is highly important to understand what we are going to create and what it should look like? The requirement specifications from first phase are studied in this phase and system design is prepared. System Design helps in specifying hardware and system requirements and also helps in defining overall system architecture. In this phase the estimation of cost for developing the product is also analyzed depending on the requirements. The system design specifications serve as input for the next phase of the model. The next sequential phase is the implementation (coding) and unit testing the software. On receiving system design documents, the work is divided in modules/units and actual coding is started. The system is first developed in small programs called units, which are integrated in the next phase. So that it would be easy to develop the code by dividing the work into small units. Then each unit of work that is divided from the total work is developed individually by each developer and tested for that particular unit of work is done properly or not. This type of testing the individual unit code is called unit testing. In the next upcoming phases the small units of code is to be integrated into one single code and should be tested for the over all functionality. As specified above, the system is first divided in units which are developed and tested for their functionalities . These units are integrated into a complete system during Integration phase and tested to check if all modules/units coordinate between each other and the system as a whole behaves as per the specifications. After successfully testing the software, it is delivered to the customer. The maintenance phase is the most important and it is almost 70% of total software process life cycle. This phase of is virtually never ending phase (Very long). Generally, problems with the system developed (which are not found during the development life cycle) come up after its practical use starts, so the issues related to the system are solved after deployment of the system. Not all the problems come in picture directly but they arise time to time and needs to be solved; hence this process is referred as Maintenance. On the time ruin the problems may occur and the code may not accept the new type of data, and then there is the need to change the part of the code or correct that part of code. Due to some disadvantages of the water fall model later some other models are developed. The disadvantages are The main drawback of the waterfall model is the difficulty of accommodating change after the process is underway. One phase has to be complete before moving onto the next phase Inflexible partitioning of the project into distinct stages makes it difficult to respond to changing customer requirements. Therefore, this model is only appropriate when the requirements are well-understood and changes will be fairly limited during the design process. Few business systems have stable requirements. The waterfall model is mostly used for large systems engineering projects where a system is developed at several sites. Rapid Application Development (RAD) RAD is a software development process initiated by James Martin in 1980s. It is a very high level of application development techniques that uses prototype, iterative customization and CASE tools. RAD is a software development methodology that focuses on building applications in a very short amount of time, traditionally with compromises in usability, features and execution speed. Figure-Traditional RAD The traditional RAD software development cycle follows a rigid sequence of steps with a formal sign-off at the completion of each. RAD is not appropriate for all projects. This is bet suited for the projects that can be divided into small chunks and where scope is small. RAD has many core elements which make it unique are prototyping, iterative development, time boxing, team members, management approach and RAD tools. Prototyping: This part of the RAD can be done by the Computer Aided Software Engineering that focus on capturing requirements, converting them to a data model, converting the data model to a database, and generating code all in one tool. Iterative development: Iterative development means creating increasing functional versions of a system in short development cycles. Each version is reviewed and approved by the client to produce requirements that feed the next version. This process is repeated until all functionality has been developed. Time boxing: Time boxing is adding features to future versions of the software and developing it no time. It is very important aspect of RAD to complete the job in less time and get the best product out than other competitors. Team members: The RAD methodology recommends the use of small teams that consist of experienced, versatile, and motivated members that are able to perform multiple roles. As the client plays a vital role in the development process, dedicated client resources must be available during the initial Joint Application Development (JAD) Management approach: Active and involved management is required to reduce the risks of lengthened development cycles, client misunderstandings, and missed deadlines. In addition to enforcing a strict timeline, management must focus on team member selection, team motivation, and on clearing media or political obstacles. Coding phase: Developing Code in RAD process model takes very short span. At the time of development of these types of projects the there is no need or no time to make the code future enhancements. So the code developed using this process is not the most reliable code. Testing phase: In the testing phase the developed software or website is tested in two ways i.e. alpha testing and beta testing. Alpha testing is the testing done by the developers before delivering the product. This alpha testing can be done in two ways i.e. white box testing and the black box testing. The testing of all the models that are working properly or not and to ensure that each function is fully operational while at the same time searching for the errors in the code is called white box testing. Testing the internal and primitive operations and to sure that all are working according to the specification is called black box testing. Testing done by the customer to check weather all the specification requirements are working properly is called beat testing. If any problem occurs, then the error is set up and just added to the code at the appropriate position. Advantages: Speed and quality are the main advantages of Rapid Application Development, while potentially reduced scalability and feature sets are the disadvantages. The main goal of RAD is the speed delivery of the product using CASE tools, which helps in converting the requirements to code automatically. The speed delivery is the main feature of RAD because the product has the competitors and demand in the market. The software developed by the RAD has versions and each version is better, has new features or at least overcomes the defects of the previous versions. Disadvantages: Scalability and the reduced features are main drawbacks of the RAD Due to very less time using the time boxing the development of the product that can construct the advanced features is not possible. By using time boxing we have very less time to develop much more features and more enhanced features. Yahoo Messenger The versions of yahoo messenger that are developed with the features are: Version 3.0: Yahoo Messenger 3.0 (1.3 MB) The first basic yahoo messenger was version 3.0 with basic features of chat, webcam, file transfer and emoticons that can incorporate in between the text in chat box. Version 3.5: Yahoo Messenger 3.5 (1.9 MB) This version has the new features of mail updates of the user account and the option of my display image. This feature enables the user to show his picture to the person with whom he/she chatting. Version 4.1: Yahoo Messenger 4.1 (2.3 MB) In this version the send contact details, message archive are introduced. Send contact details option enables the user to send the messenger list in his account to others. If message archive option is set then all the conversations done by the account user can be stored in the local system where person chats. Version 5.0: Yahoo Messenger 5.0 (2.2 MB) This version has the new feature of photo share through which two persons can share the pictures by just dragging and dropping the pictures into the sharing box. This is the great feature that had made yahoo! messenger more popular. Version 5.5.1228: Yahoo Messenger 5.5.1228 (2.6 MB) This version has the option to change the skins and the option to join the chat rooms all over the world. Version 6.1922: Yahoo Messenger 6.1922 (4.5 MB) This version ahs the feature of play game with the other person in the chat. And the other new feature is buzz which alerts the with a sound. The chat box is provided with the text format tool bar. Version 7.0: Yahoo Messenger 7.0 (8.2 MB) This version has the drastic changes and much new features than the previous versions. The IM environment option that changes the backdrop of the chat box. Version 7.426: Yahoo Messenger 7.426 (8 MB) This version has the new feature called the voice chat. With this option a person can record his voice message and send it to this other person in the chat. This feature revolutionized the yahoo! Messenger and made popular. Version 7.437: Yahoo Messenger 7.437 (8 MB) In this version we have the plug-ins of yahoo! Games, yahoo! Music and yahoo! Weather. These features enable the users to play the games, listen to music and see the weather report in certain areas all over the world. Version 7. 5.0.647: Yahoo Messenger 7.5.0.647 (7.7 MB) This version has very slight difference than its pervious versions with only new feature that is calling pc-to-pc using the VOIP protocol that is developed for voice transmission over Internet. Version 8.0.0.506: Yahoo Messenger 8.0.0.506 (10 MB) This is the very advanced version of the yahoo messenger, which has an option sending the SMS to the mobile directly to the person who has signed in into his mobile device. And the persons who are have the account into the messenger list. The new and smart tool is the audibles tool bar for chat box, which has many prerecorded audibles in different languages and different animated pictures speaking out those audibles. This is how the 11 versions of yahoo! Messenger is developed using RAD. And many other versions are upcoming using this method of software developing such as yahoo! Messenger 8.0(Beta), which is under testing phase. With in 8 years the yahoo had developed 8 versions of Yahoo! Messengers with versions numbered from 3.0 to 8.0.0.506 with pc -to-pc talk and SMS to mobile. Developing Yahoo! Messenger with Water Fall Model The first and the foremost is that in water fall model all the requirements are taken at a time. The design and coding is done in the most common way i.e. from the design phase itself it is designed. Requiremental Analysis and Design: The requirements of the yahoo messenger are the login window, chat window, the server side application for maintenance. All these are the requirements that are required for the development of yahoo messenger. The client application requirements are Login window Frame window Chat window Manage Contacts Authentication message window Then after the language in which the coding is to be done is decided. Data base for the server side application should be developed; the entire design depends on the data base that is structure to store the data of every client. The design of the yahoo messenger is taken up by the minimum and basic requirements. The design is made normally with out nay future plans. Development Diagrams The UML diagrams play an important role in the software development diagrams. These diagrams illustrate the clear cut idea of the software that is being developed. Use case Diagrams: Use cases describe the behavior of the system when one of these actors sends one particular stimulus. This behavior is described textually. It describes the nature of the stimulus that triggers the use case; the inputs from and outputs to other actors, and the behaviors that convert the inputs to the outputs. The text of the use case also usually describes everything that can go wrong during the course of the specified behavior, and what remedial action the system will take. Context diagrams: A context diagram is a data flow diagram, with only one massive central process that subsumes everything inside the scope of the system. It shows how the system will receive and send data flows to the external entities involved. Class Diagrams: Class diagrams are widely used to describe the types of objects in a system and their relationships. Class diagrams model class structure and contents using design elements such as classes, packages and objects. Class diagrams describe three different perspectives when designing a system, conceptual, specification, and implementation. These perspectives become evident as the diagram is created and help solidify the design. Data Flow Diagrams: A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the flow of data through an information system. A data flow diagram can also be used for the visualization of data processing. It is common practice for a designer to draw a context-level DFD first which shows the interaction between the system and outside entities. This context-level DFD is then exploded to show more detail of the system being modeled. Implementation and Coding: In this phase the actually the code is developed. Before that the total code is divided into independent modules, so that the coding becomes easy. So the coding part is divided into modules such as Integration and Unit testing : After the coding is done for individual modules such as data base structure, frame work and the data base or server connectivity module are integrated into one module of code for the code to work with all the functions full. Then this code is tested after the integration is done, to check weather the code is working collectively after integrating the all the modules into one single code. In the testing phase the developed software or website is tested in two ways i.e. alpha testing and beta testing. Alpha testing is the testing done by the developers before delivering the product. This alpha testing can be done in two ways i.e. white box testing and the black box testing. The testing for all the modules is done to check weather all the code is working properly or not and to ensure that each function is fully operational while at the same time searching for the errors in the code is called white box testing. Testing the internal and primitive operations and to sure that all are working according to the specification is called black box testing. Testing done by the customer to check weather all the specification requirements are working properly is called beat testing. If any problem occurs, then the error is set up and just added to the code at the appropriate position. Maintenance Phase: This is phase in which the maximum amount of resources are used. In this water fall model the yahoo messenger requires many changes in the features for adding new features such as the voice chat, video conference, pc to pc call etc. For all these new features the present code is not venerable to add the new models or to integrate, so that the reason why all the code is developed again with new features in the water fall model which consumes more time and resources. Developing Yahoo! Messenger with RAD Instant messenger is first lunched by yahoo named as Yahoo! Messenger on 21 July 1999. The first version of yahoo messenger is version 3.0 for MAC operating system with the features of webcam, file transfer, emoticons. The important requirement of an instant messenger is chat, and this chat is enabled between system to system because the messenger chat box communicate between two systems using there MAC (Message Authentication Code) address. Windows Application version of instant messenger and web messenger are the products of yahoo. Analysis Phase In this phase the requirements such as software hard ware requirements are analyzed and listed for the usage of the development of the product. The main problem is that the windows application cannot be directly connected to the remote database (for authentication, chat, offline message). For that the web service is the best solution that can connect database remotely and can call the methods in the remote classes. Because the web service transmits the data from the remote database, and it is in very robust form to destroy. Then its is to be decided in which platform the project should be developed either in java or Microsoft .net or etc. in some cases the customer itself asks the product to be done in a particular platform. If the customer did not ask for any particular platform we can chose the platform on our own. Estimation of cost is made in this phase itself. The total cost estimation for development, maintenance, etc. the cost for development is calculated in man hours of work. Requirement analysis: Actually the requirement of an software include the requirements of the customer that he want in the software and the other software and hardware requirements that are needed for the software development. The features of the yahoo instant messenger are enhanced form version to version. There are many version of yahoo messenger from version 3.0 to version 8.1. in each version the new changes and features had been added such as voice chat, pc-to-pc call, plug-ins, IM-Environment, SMS to Mobile etc. For developing software or windows application or a web application we need software to develop such as C++, VC++, Java or Microsoft Visual Studio etc. For instant messenger we need to develop a windows application that can be run at the clients pc and we a need a web service to communicate the client-client transaction. The windows application cannot directly communicate with the remote database and cannot communicate with the other client without a web reference. So web service is used a web service for checking the authentication of the users account and his details. The first version of the Yahoo! Messenger 3.0 has only few features such as chat, web cam, emoticons. In the later version the features such as voice chat, pc-to-pc call, plug-ins, IM-Environment, SMS to Mobile added. But all these features are not added at time. They are all added for the future versions of 3.0 to 8.1. With all these requirements a prototype model is prepared. And for designing the software that prototype model should be approved by the client. Hardware Requirements For developing an instant messenger an ordinary system is sufficient. But to make the instant messenger work we need a server that acts as web service for the instant messenger to communicate between the users of the instant messenger. The uninterrupted internet connection to the server is very much important so that no users finds incontinent to work. And steps need to be taken for a fast recovery at the time of crashing of the server. Design phase First the total development of the yahoo messenger is divided into modules. Then the software diagrams are drawn for the convenient for the developing the code. First the context diagram is drawn for the project. Then comes the data flow diagrams in which the flow of the data in the project is shown. The next diagram is the ER-Diagram in which the all the parameters of the total project are represented in diagrams. This diagram is very much useful in developing a database in which a column is made for every single column in the database. In this database the data should be maintained in the tables. And these tables should have the primary keys and foreign keys (primary keys of other table in the current table is called foreign key). In this design phase it self the use case diagrams, activity diagrams and sequence diagrams are developed. Then the use case diagrams which sub parts or modules of the project. Depending on these all diagrams the total project is divided into small modules and these modules are distributed to each team for development. Time boxing is adding features to future versions of the software and developing it no time. It is very important aspect of RAD to complete the job in less time and get the best product out than other competitors. In the design phase a first a prototype model is prepared with all the requirements that are analyses in the requirement analysis phase. And for designing the software that prototype model should be approved by the client. The total project is divided in small chunks so that it would be easy to develop the software in no time. The design phase has many sub phases, they are Software development diagrams: These diagrams are very important and help a lot in the development of the project. The diagrams are Context diagrams, Entity relationship diagrams, Data flow diagrams, Use case diagrams, Collaboration diagrams, Sequence diagrams. All these diagrams act as a blue print of the development of the project and will be very useful at the time of the software development. Development Diagrams The UML diagrams play an important role in the software development diagrams. These diagrams illustrate the clear cut idea of the software that is being developed. Use case Diagrams: Use cases describe the behavior of the system when one of these actors sends one particular stimulus. This behavior is described textually. It describes the nature of the stimulus that triggers the use case; the inputs from and outputs to other actors, and the behaviors that convert the inputs to the outputs. The text of the use case also usually describes everything that can go wrong during the course of the specified behavior, and what remedial action the system will take. The use case diagram gives the details of the requirements, options in the product specified by the client. These requirements dont change whatever the software development procedure used, so that use case diagram is same as that of the diagram that uses water fall model for software development. why in water fall model there is only one main class and all the other sub classes or child classes are developed under it. When a product is developed in .net, default folder AppCode is created in which all the class files, script files are developed. In the figure shown below the the authentication, chat address book, preferences are separate classes developed under the AppCode. Database Design: The design of database consists of making the data tables that are used in the project. Designing the tables includes deciding the primary keys and foreign keys in the tables and the data types of the columns of the tables. After completing all these diagrams and the database design, the project is divided in chunks and distributed among the team members for development of the project. RAD is best suited for developing software than website or a web service because the software can have versions with new features in the future versions which increase the marker for the product if it as an commercial software and maximum number of users for a free software. In the preliminary stages of the development of the yahoo messenger its main aim for developing it is for instant messenger only. Later the features like photo share, voice chat, video conference, etc. Lets start from the designing phase of the instant messenger. Planning First in the planning the required features of the messenger should be listed out for feature development. The main features that are to be in messenger are Contacts management Address book Chat options Sign out option Chat window Messenger window The contacts management is adding new contacts, mange the contact in the groups, delete a contact, move the contacts form one roup to the other group of contacts. Address book management such as adding a contacts address (it is automatically added as we add the new contact in the friends list), deleting a contact. For chat on clicking a contact in the friends list a chat window should be opened. Then what ever is typed in that window should be transmitted to the contact with whom the chat window is linked. Here in case the user at the other end is not online then all the messages he received must be stored in his account. In the above phase (planning phase) all the requirements are gathered from the customer who requires the product. For the yahoo messenger all the basic requirements are listed above. Build Code The code for the project is built in this segment of project. Here the code is build in individual chunks of code by different programmers in a firm. Then all this small chunks of data is collected is made into single code which can work perfect. The code for yahoo messenger is developed partially, in this code there are two parts one is the client application and the server application. I have developed the client application partially due to insufficient time. Testing Then next part of the coding is testing in which all the code is testing for its perfect working. And is also check for all the requirements for the customer. Fro this there is two types testing. Alpha testing is the testing done by the developers before delivering the product. This alpha testing can be done in two ways i.e. white box testing and the black box testing. The testing of all the models that are working properly or not and to ensure that each function is fully operational while at the same time searching for the errors in the code is called white box testing. Testing the internal and primitive operations and to sure that all are working according to the specification is called black box testing. Testing done by the customer to check weather all the specification requirements are working properly is called beat testing. If any problem occurs, then the error is set up and just added to the code at the appropriate position. Deploy In this phase, a search is done for future requirements. This can also be called as maintenance phase. As the time passes the new features are need to be embedded in to the product, so the software is again released as newer version with all the new features included. This cycle continues as the new features or requirements are requested by the customer. Her the main them is that the product should be developed fast in order to avoid the market risks and so it is called Rapid Application Development Again this process starts from the design phase for the new requirements then again the software development starts from the design level. After the designing phase the development of the code is done is developed for the new requirements and attached to the old code or the code is again developed if there are any faults in the previous version of the code. This process is called iterative development. : Iterative development means creating increasing functional versions of a system in short development cycles. Each version is reviewed and approved by the client to produce requirements that feed the next version. This process is repeated until all functionality has been developed. Then again tested if the new features that are embedded is working properly or not. Next step is the JAD. The RAD methodology recommends the use of small teams that consist of experienced, versatile, and motivated members that are able to perform multiple roles. As the client plays a vital role in the development process, dedicated client resources must be available during the initial Joint Application Development (JAD). The main features of RAD that defer from other software process model are: Prototyping: This part of the RAD can be done by the Computer Aided Software Engineering that focus on capturing requirements, converting them to a data model, converting the data model to a database, and generating code all in one tool. Iterative development: Iterative development means creating increasing functional versions of a system in short development cycles. Each version is reviewed and approved by the client to produce requirements that feed the next version. This process is repeated until all functionality has been developed. Time boxing: Time boxing is adding features to future versions of the software and developing it no time. It is very important aspect of RAD to complete the job in less time and get the best product out than other competitors. Team members: The RAD methodology recommends the use of small teams that consist of experienced, versatile, and motivated members that are able to perform multiple roles. As the client plays a vital role in the development process, dedicated client resources must be available during the initial Joint Application Development (JAD) Management approach: Active and involved management is required to reduce the risks of lengthened development cycles, client misunderstandings, and missed deadlines. In addition to enforcing a strict timeline, management must focus on team member selection, team motivation, and on clearing media or political obstacles. This is how a yahoo messenger is developed with more 11 versions each having a new feature. Analysis The development of the software with out any break downs and time delays depends on selecting the appropriate software development process. Here are the differences of RAD and water fall model in every phase. Analysis of Each phase Differences in Requirements Analysis phase: Design phase is the important phase in which the total software development is dependent. In water fall model all the requirements are gathered at time and then analyzed for the further process. Its difficult in this model to add the requirements later after the phase is completed. And there is no possibility for changing the requirements if once the product done and even no possibility for modifying the code. In Rapid Application development model the requirements can be modified at any time at the time of code and there is an option for remaking the old code for adding the new features. Thats the reason the RAD model is a cyclic from of software development and the designing phase comes many times before completing the product if the requirements change from time to time. Differences in the Design phase: The design phase is the basic building blocks of coding. Depending upon the design the entire structure of the code is dependent. In water fall model the design phase can be normal or in general form, because this is the most common form of developing the software. But in the case of RAD the main thing is that design phase should be care fully done keeping that it should be easily changeable at any time. That is the design of the code should be in more generalized from and should be easily adaptable for adding new features with chaining the whole code again. This is the reason the design phase is the most important part in the RAD model of software development, because the design of the structure should be done with, future requirements, changes and new modules in mind. Differences in coding phase: The entire coding phase depends on how the software was designed in the design phase. The coding is done according to the design that was designed. In water fall model, the code is in general and straight from with out any special attachments. In RAD the coding is in most generalized form, so that a new module or new item can be added with out much effort. This can be done by developing the most customized and robust way of coding. Differences in Testing Phase: The testing phase is almost same for all the software development models. The difference occurs at how are the bugs are solved. In water fall model a bug is solved by re designing the code of that part. But in the RAD the bug is modified to solve it, to make the product error free in short span of time. Differences in Maintenance phase: The maintenance phase is the most resources consuming phase in the software development. In this phase of water fall model, for the new requirements the software is done again from the first phase with all the requirements along with new ones again. In the RAD the maintenance phase is easy. As already the software is designed in most customized form, new thing can be added very easily with out much effort, moreover there is no need to develop the whole software once again with all the requirements along with the new ones again. Comparison of water fall model and RAD: Features Water Fall Model RAD Requirements All the requirements should be collected at one time and starting itself. The requirements can be added easily at any time Design The design is done to fully satisfy the requirements that are presently mentioned, but without the enhancements to add new modules in future. The design is done with a basic structure and in most customized way, so that any new modules in future can be added very easily Coding The coding is done in a normal way as it is designed The coding is done in most customized way. Testing Testing is done in ordinary way such as white box testing and black testing Testing is done in ordinary way such as white box testing and black testing Maintenance If new features are to be added, the code is redesigned from staring with new features The new features cab be easily added to the code, as it has the basic customized structure Resources Used More Less when compared to water fall model Time taken Takes more time Takes less time Lines of Code Less More Conclusion In this competitive world time is one of the valuable factors. Because its important that how fast you develop the software than others, weather your software have more features. Because making software with all the features takes long time and mean while the compotators grow up. Thats the reason why RAD model has become more popular in the recent years. Using this model we can develop the software with limited features initially. Then later using the RAD model its easy to develop the newer version of the software with new features with in less time and less effort. This is the reason why the RAD is most preferred for application software development. Using this model the new versions of software can be developed with solved bugs that are in the previous versions and with new features.But using the RAD model there are some disadvantages such as more LOC than other models. From the experience of developing the code in both waterfall model and RAD, I prefer that RAD is the appropriate for software development due its agenda in completing the project fast and with calculating all the risks in developing the project using the risk analysis which the important part of the RAD. I was asked to resubmit the project with development of yahoo messenger using the RAD model and show the differences in the LOC. This part was added at the last of this document. Reflections The analysis of the software development model includes a lot of procedures and methods. This project made practically to know the every single phase of software development clearly, and participate in all the phases of the software development. Analysis of Waterfall model illustrated the oldest and basic method of software development. From this method I have learnt that how the design analysis phase plays a major role. The analysis phase should be so clear that if any mistakes or in complete information gathered leads to delay in the completion and some time lead the failure of the project which needs to be redesigned, which wastes both time and money. RAD model is the advanced model than the waterfall model in software development. Most of the time, this model is used for fast development of the product. As there are many risks in developing the product fast, the risk analysis is the major part of the RAD. Using this model made practically understand how the risk analysis is done. Along with the above reflections from the project, I have known how to write the documentation for the projects and the reports making etc. References The data in the project report is written, by referring the data in the following websites and books. The websites referred are: https://www.cs.odu.edu https://www.developers.net https://library.theserverside.com www.credata.com/research/rad.html https://www.ctg.albany.edu https://enterprisearchitecture.nih.gov/YourPart/What/ https://courses.cs.vt.edu/csonline/SE/Lessons/LifeCycle/index.html The books referred are : Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, Fifth Edition Publisher McGraw-Hill/Osborne Author(s) Pressman, Roger S ISBN 0073655783 Release Date 01 January 2001 Formal Software Development Publisher Palgrave Macmillan Author(s) Aaron Kans ISBN 0333992814 Release Date 09 September 2003 Agile Software Development Publisher Addison-Wesley Author(s) Alistair Cockburn ISBN 0201699699 Release Date 15 December 2001 Engineering and Managing Software Requirements Publisher Springer-Verlag Author(s) Claes Wohlin ISBN 3540250433 Release Date 08 August 2005 Categories for Software Engineering Publisher Springer-Verlag Author(s) JosT Luiz Fiadeiro ISBN 3540209093 Release Date 29 November 2004 Agile Software Development: Evaluating The Methods For Your Organization Publisher Artech House Publishers Author(s) Alan S. Koch ISBN 1580538428 Release Date 31 October 2004 End If byteCat(aPacketLengthTemp, Chr(0)) byteCat(aPacketLengthTemp, Chr(0)) byteCat(aPacketLengthTemp, Chr(CInt(Math.Floor(iPacketLength / 256)))) byteCat(aPacketLengthTemp, Chr(CInt(iPacketLength Mod 256))) Return aPacketLengthTemp End Function Shared Function pbService(ByVal service As yService) As Byte Select Case service Case yService.Logon Return H1 Case yService.Logoff Return H2 Case yService.IsAway Return H3 Case yService.IsBack Return H4 Case yService.Idle Return H5 Case yService.Message Return H6 Case yService.Ping Return H12 Case yService.Notify Return H4B Case yService.Verify Return H4C Case yService.AuthResp Return H54 Case yService.List Return H55 Case yService.Auth Return H57 Case yService.ExperimentalBrowser Return H9A Case yService.LoginUnknown2 Return HEF Case yService.BuddyUpdate Return HF0 Case yService.List Return HF1 End Select End Function Shared Function pbStatus(ByVal status As yStatus) As Byte() Select Case status Case yStatus.Available Return utf8.GetBytes(Chr(H0) + Chr(H0) + Chr(H0) + Chr(H0)) Case yStatus.BRB Return utf8.GetBytes(Chr(H0) + Chr(H0) + Chr(H0) + Chr(H1)) Case yStatus.AuthRespInvisible Return utf8.GetBytes(Chr(H0) + Chr(H0) + Chr(H0) + Chr(HC)) Case yStatus.Notify Return utf8.GetBytes(Chr(H0) + Chr(H0) + Chr(H0) + Chr(H16)) Case yStatus.AuthRespNormal Dim aTemp() As Byte = {H5A, H55, HAA, H55} Return aTemp Case Else Return utf8.GetBytes(Chr(H0) + Chr(H0) + Chr(H0) + Chr(H0)) End Select End Function Shared Function pbAddPayLoadField(ByVal strField As String, ByVal strValue As String) As Byte() Dim aAddFieldTemp() As Byte = ascii.GetBytes() byteCat(aAddFieldTemp, strField) byteCat(aAddFieldTemp, HC0) byteCat(aAddFieldTemp, H80) byteCat(aAddFieldTemp, strValue) byteCat(aAddFieldTemp, HC0) byteCat(aAddFieldTemp, H80) Return aAddFieldTemp End Function #End Region Code for yahoo messenger using RAD: Imports System.Data.SqlClient Public Class ChatLogin Inherits System.Web.UI.Page Protected WithEvents txtUsername As System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox Protected WithEvents btSignIn As System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button Protected WithEvents txtValidFirstName As System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox Protected WithEvents txtValidSignin As System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox Protected WithEvents txtUserNameNew As System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox Protected WithEvents txtPassWordNew As System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox Protected WithEvents Textbox3 As System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox Protected WithEvents txtFirstNameNew As System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox Protected WithEvents txtLastNameNew As System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox Protected WithEvents txtScreenNameNew As System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox Protected WithEvents btnAddNew As System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button Protected WithEvents Textbox1 As System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox Protected WithEvents lblError As System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label Protected WithEvents lblWelcome As System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label Protected WithEvents txtPassword As System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox Dim objChatBLL As New Chat_BLL() #Region Web Form Designer Generated Code This call is required by the Web Form Designer. System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThrough() Private Sub InitializeComponent() End Sub Private Sub Page_Init(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Init CODEGEN: This method call is required by the Web Form Designer Do not modify it using the code editor. InitializeComponent() End Sub #End Region Private Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load Put user code to initialize the page here End Sub Private Sub btSignIn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btSignIn.Click Dim strUserName As String = txtUsername.Text Dim strPassWord As String = txtPassword.Text Dim intUserID As Integer If Trim(strUserName) = Then lblError.Text = UserName is a required field ElseIf Trim(strPassWord) = Then lblError.Text = PassWord is a required field Else Dim rdr As SqlDataReader = objChatBLL.LoginChatUser(strUserName, strPassWord) If rdr.Read Then Session(CurrentUser) = CStr(rdr(UserID)) Session(FirstName) = rdr(FirstName) Session(LastName) = rdr(Lastname) Session(ScreenName) = rdr(ScreenName) Response.Redirect(ChatWelcome.aspx) Else lblError.Text = UserName/Password was not found in the database. If this is your first time chatting, please sign in under the section labeled New to Chatty Ways? End If End If End Sub Private Sub btnAddNew_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnAddNew.Click Dim strUserName As String = txtUserNameNew.Text Dim strPassWord As String = txtPassWordNew.Text Dim strFirstName As String = txtFirstNameNew.Text Dim strLastname As String = txtLastNameNew.Text Dim strScreenName As String = txtScreenNameNew.Text Dim intUserID As Integer If Trim(strUserName) = Then lblError.Text = UserName is a required field ElseIf Trim(strFirstName) = Then lblError.Text = FirstName is a required field ElseIf Trim(strLastname) = Then lblError.Text = LastName is a required field ElseIf Trim(strScreenName) = Then lblError.Text = ScreenName is a required field Else intUserID = objChatBLL.AddChatUser(strUserName, strPassWord, strFirstName, strLastname, strScreenName) Select Case intUserID Case -1 lblError.Text = UserName/Password already exists in the database. Please select a different UserName/PassWord and try again. Case -2 lblError.Text = ScreenName already exists in the database. Please select a different Screen Name and try again Case Else success Session(CurrentUser) = CStr(intUserID) Session(FirstName) = strFirstName Session(LastName) = strLastname Session(ScreenName) = strScreenName Response.Redirect(ChatWelcome.aspx) End Select End If End Sub End Class Imports System.Data.SqlClient Public Class ChatWelcome Inherits System.Web.UI.Page Protected WithEvents Button1 As System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button Protected WithEvents txtUsername As System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox Protected WithEvents txtChatID As System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox Protected WithEvents txtUserID As System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox Protected WithEvents btGo As System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button Protected WithEvents DataGrid1 As System.Web.UI.WebControls.DataGrid Protected WithEvents lblDescription As System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label Protected WithEvents lblWelcome As System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label Protected WithEvents txtDescription As System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox Protected WithEvents txtFullname As System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox Dim objChatBLL As New Chat_BLL() #Region Web Form Designer Generated Code This call is required by the Web Form Designer. System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThrough() Private Sub InitializeComponent() End Sub Private Sub Page_Init(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Init CODEGEN: This method call is required by the Web Form Designer Do not modify it using the code editor. InitializeComponent() End Sub #End Region Private Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load Put user code to initialize the page here doSetScreenValues() If the user just left a chat, remove him from the ChatUserListing objChatBLL.DeleteSession(Session.SessionID) If Not Page.IsPostBack Then BindGrid() End If End Sub Private Sub doSetScreenValues() Dim strMessages As String Dim strUserName As String = Dim strFullName As String = Dim strUserID As String = 0 Session(CurrentUser) Dim strFirstName As String = Invalid If the users session is timed out, send them to the login page. If Trim(strUserID) = 0 Then Server.Transfer(default.aspx) End If Dim rdr As SqlDataReader = objChatBLL.get_UserInfo(strUserID) While rdr.Read strUserName = rdr(UserName) strFirstName = rdr(FirstName) strFullName = rdr(FirstName) rdr(LastName) End While lblWelcome.Text = Hello strFirstName , welcome to ChattyWays. Your Chat name is: strFullName txtUsername.Text = strUserName txtFullname.Text = strFullName txtUserID.Text = strUserID Session(UserID) = strUserID End Sub Private Sub btGo_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btGo.Click AddChat(txtDescription.Text) doGoToMessagePage() End Sub Public Class Redirect Inherits System.Web.UI.Page #Region Web Form Designer Generated Code This call is required by the Web Form Designer. System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThrough() Private Sub InitializeComponent() End Sub Private Sub Page_Init(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Init CODEGEN: This method call is required by the Web Form Designer Do not modify it using the code editor. InitializeComponent() End Sub #End Region Private Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load Dim bCurrentBrowser As Boolean = True Dim strPageType As String = UCase(Request.QueryString(PageType)) Dim strChatID As String = Request.QueryString(ID) Dim strNewURL As String = https://www.xmlpitstop.com bCurrentBrowser = Double.Parse(Request.Browser.Version) 5.01 Session(ChatID) = strChatID Put user code to initialize the page here Select Case strPageType Case PRINT If bCurrentBrowser Then strNewURL = report/CreateChat_Preview.aspx Else strNewURL = report/ChatReport.aspx End If Case JOIN If bCurrentBrowser Then strNewURL = ChatIE/ChatIEFrame.aspx Else strNewURL = ChatNS/ChatNSFrame.htm End If End Select Response.Redirect(strNewURL) End Sub End Class Analysis of Code The above codes for yahoo messenger in both waterfall model and RAD model. In the code for waterfall model has only one main class and the remaining are sub classes and functions. The hierarchy of classes is maintained as the code is developed in a collective manner by programmers. For this reason, first a main class is created with all the required properties and attributes, so that it would be easy to develop the reaming part of code without developing any other more classes, just by creating the sub classes and inherit the main or parent class. The code in RAD is developed fast and with in short time. For this reason the code is divided into chunks and developed by the individuals or by few groups of developers. Since the development of code is done individually, for every part of code a class is crated. This is the reason why the code developed in RAD has more LOC (Lines of Code) than that of the code developed in the Waterfall model. As the LOC increase the execution time, system resources also increase. Lines of Code It is actually a count of instruction statements. LOC represent the actual program size and complexity. A line of Code is (LOC) the simplest, oldest and traditional one to measure the complexity of any software irrespective of the language. Researchers have found that defects increase as the lines of executable statements increase within the code. Earlier Studies reveal that the larger the module sizes the smaller the defect size. Recent studies show that defect density decreases with code size. There is no proper proportionality between the code size and the defect density .For example if the code having 5000 lines of code is replaced by 2000 lines of code even though new code is not an efficient one. So the researchers have advised to not only use lines of code as an only metrics in order to determine code complexity. For the calculation of LOC Practiline Source Code Line Counter 1.0.5.33 software was used. Method used Total Line Count Lines of Code Water fall model 369 326 RAD 642 629 The reports that are generated by this software are attached in the appendix.

Arguementive Essay Topics - Common Proof of Thought and Proposals

<h1>Arguementive Essay Topics - Common Proof of Thought and Proposals</h1><p>Arguementive exposition points could be trying for an individual who doesn't have them. Regularly, these subjects are based on the manner by which people can best add to the current issue. Being one of the most troublesome types of article composing, a factious paper theme can have different viewpoints to it that require the scholars' attention.</p><p></p><p>Argumentative exposition points may either be identified with a specific occasion or idea. They may likewise address explicit issues that are near the core of numerous people. Regardless of what the subject of a pugnacious paper point is, these themes will have numerous parts and each part ought to be tended to inside the setting of the essay.</p><p></p><p>The first part of a contentious article subject will be a proof of thought. It is significant that each passage on a pugnacious paper s ubject ought to disclose something to the peruser with the goal that different sentences on the point might be filled in. This is significant in light of the fact that as long as the peruser comprehends the explanation behind the article being composed, they are probably going to acknowledge it as real. Furthermore, the article will demonstrate helpful to the author and be important in picking up the peruser's consideration.</p><p></p><p>The second part of a pugnacious exposition theme will be the primary reason. This piece of the article may end up being the most pivotal and notable piece of the exposition. Hence, it is significant that the author take a shot at making the topic that will bolster this piece of the essay.</p><p></p><p>Argumentative exposition subjects that manage an issue that is near the peruser's heart are as a rule dubious. Thus, a comical inclination must be available so as to make the issue hilarious to the peruse rs. Since silly exposition points are a serious test, it is prescribed that an author to remain consistent with the subject of the contention while making the diversion work for the reader.</p><p></p><p>Finally, a contentious paper theme ought to build up a proposition articulation that underpins the whole article. This is significant as this helps keep the exposition firm and makes it simpler to complete the remainder of the paper. Utilizing this piece of the paper as a beginning stage additionally makes the task all the more intriguing and helpful. For whatever length of time that this piece of the paper keeps on creating in the accompanying sections, the author can concentrate on composing the remainder of the essay.</p><p></p><p>Argumentative exposition points are exceptionally hard to compose and one must be happy to be tried on this theme to ensure the article is successful. Indeed, even with the finish of the whole paper, a few sections probably won't fill in just as they were planned. When endeavoring to utilize the theme, one must ensure that the paper is adjusted and is fit for the readers.</p>

Elements of Essay Writing

<h1>Elements of Essay Writing</h1><p>Students ought to consistently guarantee that they comprehend the components of paper composing Mcas A-level and that they utilize this so as to compose the article all alone. On the off chance that they don't completely comprehend the subject, at that point they will be unequipped for composing an exposition. Consequently, a couple of words on the essential components are fundamental before one beginnings composing an essay.</p><p></p><p>Essay composing ought to consistently be liberated from syntactic mistakes. This is significant and it ought not be messed with. Language isn't so natural for an understudy to ace. There are numerous variables that can influence the right use of language structure and one of these is the instructor and his/her educating style.</p><p></p><p>The topic of the article Mcas is extremely imperative. The subject ought not be excessively explicit yet rathe r ought to be expansive enough to empower the understudies to communicate their musings well. So as to make the subject of the paper handy, one ought to unmistakably portray the reason and the advantages that they will get from the article.</p><p></p><p>The finish of the exposition Mcas is the last part. So as to enable the understudies to sum up all the themes talked about, one should ensure that the end is itemized enough. There are numerous methods of completing a piece yet one should attempt to make a straightforward one that is powerful. One ought to likewise be nitty gritty when discussing the most significant focuses that should be remembered.</p><p></p><p>The organization of the article can be whatever you want it to be. It very well may be a short article or a long creation. The substance of the exposition can change contingent upon what the understudies need to compose. A portion of the points could be; family life, home, wor k, school, concentrate thus on.</p><p></p><p>There are a few people who are generally excellent at exposition composing. They can make an infectious arrangement in a brief timeframe. Notwithstanding, for other people, the assignment is simply too huge and sets aside a long effort to complete.</p><p></p><p>The basic slip-up of numerous understudies is the utilization of copyright infringement. A few understudies expound a lot on themselves in their articles and not frequently enough about their point. Now and again, they pick the principal subject that they experience and simply rehash the data about themselves in this one.</p><p></p><p>The author must consider all the components of exposition writing so as to accomplish a decent paper. On the off chance that one can utilize the correct information on these parts, at that point they will have the option to compose a powerful exposition. Great article composing wi ll give an impression to the peruser with respect to whether they merit perusing or not.</p>

Statistics Sample Essay Questions - Can They Help You?

Statistics Sample Essay Questions - Can They Help You?Statistics sample essay questions are one of the best ways to increase your chances of success when it comes to studying for and writing an essay. There are so many people who are surprised by the simplicity of sample essays and how they can be easily written. This can be a great technique to use to help improve your test scores. You just need to know where to find the statistics essay samples.The first thing that you want to do is to find a sample essay that is about the number one topic in the class or that will focus on the class numbers one through ten. The goal is to keep the essay basic and simple. This means that you should be able to write an essay that contains numbers and facts without trying to make it complicated. It's a good idea to write two or three different types of sample essays, using different numbers for each one.You may also want to find samples of these sample essays for the areas of math and statistics. You want to find sample essays that will test and analyze topics such as high school math problems, statistics class problems, college math problems, or average national statistics. These are some of the most common statistics class essays that students often get.For those who are interested in applying for college, you may want to find a sample essay for your class or other subject that will help you answer the admissions essay question. Again, this is a good strategy to use for preparing for an admissions essay. It will help to show your confidence and ability to express yourself clearly in a clear and concise manner.Statistical essay questions can also be used for several other reasons. Many students choose to write an essay on this subject just to review and study. This can be a great way to see what types of questions are asked, how the answers are interpreted and how important being prepared is. It's a great way to learn about essay writing and prepare for other types of tests.St atistics sample essay questions are also a great tool to use when you have specific questions that you want to know the answer to. If you have a special type of question or problem, there is probably a simple question that will help you deal with it in a clear and concise manner. Using sample questions also helps when you have questions that are difficult or time consuming to find the answer to.You can also find a wide variety of statistical essay questions on the internet. This will give you a great place to look for answers and questions. Once you find the question or essay that you need, you should be able to ask a few questions about the results and see if the answers are good enough to allow you to write the essay yourself.Statistics sample essays can help you with so many things when it comes to studying for an essay. You will be more confident when you start to use them and should be able to get more out of the subject matter that you are studying. If you have trouble with st atistics, you may want to find a sample that deals with this area so that you can get some great questions to use to help you with your statistics essay.

Writing Process Essay Topics

<h1>Writing Process Essay Topics</h1><p>Writing process articles can be an exceptionally mind boggling process. Recognize that you are attempting to educate or communicate your conclusion and a great deal of research goes into making an article that you feel good composition. You might need to utilize key expressions, words, and different parts of your composing style that will assist you with building the body of your article. Here are a couple of tips to assist you with concentrating on the most significant components of this kind of paper topic.</p><p></p><p>Read the Essay Topic and Keywords. A significant component to recall when composing is that you should comprehend what this subject is about and you should peruse the article point altogether. You should ensure that you see how the substance is composed and how it fits in the essay.</p><p></p><p>Make Sure You Know How to Write It. You might have the option to ma ke extraordinary substance, however on the off chance that you don't have the foggiest idea how to compose well, you won't get the opportunity to convey this subject adequately. This implies you should have the option to think of the most ideal paper theme for your essay.</p><p></p><p>Look For Key Phrases, Words, and Other Elements That Help With Content. Utilize the watchwords, key expressions, and word states that you find when you are perusing. This can truly assist you with concocting the most ideal content.</p><p></p><p>Look For Other Elements As Well When Compiling Essay Topics. Creative cycles fluctuate, as do the substance gauges, so a portion of the components of the procedure article points that you go over might be more regularly utilized than others. You might need to take a gander at how they are utilized by specialists and check whether they fit your subject.</p><p></p><p>Look For Key Words to Help You Come Up With Essay Topics. Probably the most well-known catchphrases are suitable for the way toward composing this sort of exposition. You might need to see whether these are suitable for your theme as well.</p><p></p><p>Even however you might be utilizing a few components of procedure article points in your composition, you might need to take a gander at another thing to support you. Attempt to consider something that will fit in a similar space and seem to be like the subject. This will assist you with having a superior feeling of what the point is and how you can utilize it in your essay.</p>

Research Paper Topics That Are Contraversial and Controversial

<h1>Research Paper Topics That Are Contraversial and Controversial</h1><p>The best research paper subjects that are dubious and questionable can have fluctuating degrees of 'what is this about?' viewpoint. The exemplary case of this is Martin Luther King's 'I Have a Dream' speech.</p><p></p><p>If you are searching for a decent contention that is pertinent to open undertakings, at that point a reference to the Declaration of Independence may be a magnificent decision. The incomparable Thomas Jefferson is another person who was a significant piece of the American upheaval. He died in 1826.</p><p></p><p>One extraordinary article on this subject by Charles Profitt in 1980 glances at the different reasons that the Declaration of Independence is considered by numerous individuals to be a 'contradiction' of different rights. The purpose behind the debate lies fundamentally in the language in the record. There are various acad emic people who accept that this language isn't as per the privileges of common persons.</p><p></p><p>In actuality states Profitt, 'The Declaration of Independence is fundamentally, a decree for human uniformity... to discover its way towards it and its acknowledgment is a wrong.' also, he accepts that it damages the language of the Constitution.</p><p></p><p>The proposal expresses that the Declaration disregarded 'the essential terms of the archive (of the) United States of America'. There is a discussion between the two camps with respect to whether this abuses the Constitution, since there is no express article that would bolster such an end. When talking about disputable subjects, the discussion focuses on what is the most far reaching and exact clarification of the theme?</p><p></p><p>When an administration advances progressive thoughts for the individuals to consider, it isn't itself in every case right or wrong. Since such huge numbers of our laws were written in any case to protect the trustworthiness of the administration as a preeminent element, when individuals in government to conflict with the eventual benefits of the legislature, or endeavor to utilize their office for childish closures, that isn't right. The need to get all sides of the story is the thing that makes the best research paper subject in opposition to the government.</p><p></p><p>If you need to introduce a proposition to your understudies that shows the good/moral issues of a current law or legislative movement, the most dependable methodology is to distinguish the most central inquiry included. As such, in the event that you are approached to introduce a theory that talks about the division of chapel and state, you won't be effective except if you can respond to the topic of whether there is a partition of chapel and state. Thus, on the off chance that you were approached to introduce a proposition in regards to an arrangement that is frequently seen as an attack against human rights, it is a smart thought to explore the legitimateness of the strategy as an issue of common rights.</p><p></p><p>I trust that I have furnished you with probably the best research paper subjects that are dubious and questionable. You should now be more ready to respond to the difficult inquiries that definitely come up as you compose your paper.</p>

Why Everybody Is Talking About How to Value a College Education Essay...The Simple Truth Revealed

<h1> Why Everybody Is Talking About How to Value a College Education Essay...The Simple Truth Revealed </h1> <h2>The Chronicles of How to Value a College Education Essay </h2> <p>If your exposition is portraying a procedure, including how to make an enormous chocolate cake, ensure your sections fall in the correct buy. In the event that you would prefer to cause a framework, to compose your point at the pinnacle of the site page. Your most grounded focuses should be the underlying and last sections in the body, with the others falling in the middle. Basically survey your chief focuses and offer fortification of your thesis.</p> <h2>The 5-Minute Rule for How to Value a College Education Essay </h2> <p>The estimation of advanced education is currently expanded in landing awesome position and position. Suitable training makes huge amounts of techniques to proceed later on. Also, concerning an individual's ethics, esteem based trainin g helps with molding an individual's conduct so they can be able to fit in the general public without negatively affecting others' life. Briefly, esteem based instruction has an enormous influence in forming people conduct so they can show incredible ethics, associate with others well and act profound in all features of life. </p> <h2> The Unexpected Truth About How to Value a College Education Essay</h2> <p>How would you be able to create an individual paper. Doing this will allow you to watch associations and can assist you with composing an increasingly sorted out exposition. What's a concise paper reaction. My up and coming occupation article. </p> <h2> Get the Scoop on How to Value a College Education Essay Before You're Too Late </h2> <p>No matter the strategic the exposition, be certain you're keen on your point. Our site is only one of the most suitable for paper help. You can rely upon the absolute best article help on the web . Incredible site audit paper. </p> <p>By making a beeline for school and procuring a level, you are boosting your likelihood of gaining a more noteworthy salary colossally. Moreover, every year the cost of training appears to far outpace swelling. While going to more noteworthy instruction framework gives numerous positives, also, it offers certain negatives. This school and colleges are among the achievements for additional achievements throughout everyday life. </p> <h2> The Benefits of How to Value a College Education Essay </h2> <p>If your point is to instruct, select a subject that you've just considered. In the event that your point is to convince, select a subject that you're enthusiastic about. Great instruction distinguishes our vocation goals and instructs us to stay in increasingly humanized technique. Worth based instruction has a critical job in reinforcing the otherworldly conduct of a person's. </p> <h2> The Argument Ab out How to Value a College Education Essay</h2> <p>While an article is a sizable venture, there are loads of stages an understudy can bring which will help separate the undertaking into reasonable segments. These school exposition themes on significance of instruction are probably going to give you enough sub-topical varieties to create a cognizant other option. Bombing the prolonged article. Clarify the issue of shrewdness exposition. </p> <h2> What Everybody Dislikes About How to Value a College Education Essay and Why</h2> <p>People who didn't have school instructions were proceeding to get a degree. Many individuals go to school essentially to party however much as could be expected. Another motivation behind why getting more prominent training is very significant is on the grounds that it offers heaps of new chances to understudies they would not have the option to get without having gone to a college. The whole instruction was separated into three divisions like the key training, auxiliary training and Higher Secondary training. </p> <p>Thus, the value of an advanced degree implies something other than what's expected to each individual. School training has a spectacular impact in everyone's life. An advanced degree additionally gives numerous basic abilities that may just be achieved through school. It gives a contending advantage in the activity situation. </p> <h2>What You Should Do About How to Value a College Education Essay Starting in the Next Four Minutes </h2> <p>Even after an enormous mindfulness in the general public to the need of instruction for everyone, the extent of training is as yet not same in different districts of the country. There is nevertheless one way to deal with all fantasies that is generally excellent instruction. Economy as well as moreover your trust in your private existence without training we can't construct this world as a formal. In this way, it is a fundamental methods for killing the joblessness issue. </p> <p>Education is the one most significant segment in the ascent of our country. It is the most significant factor which assumes an extraordinary job in the advancement of a person just as a nation. </p> <p>Increasingly, schools are giving endorsement projects to allow understudies to get the information and procedures required to go into the workforce in close to one year. To lay it out plainly, ECPI University gives the absolute best an incentive to individuals that desire to graduate quick and begin procuring a specialist pay. </p> <p>However, presently it has gotten so natural and easy to proceed in the instruction. Training is like a contributing. It is a basic instrument for splendid future for us all. Our instruction is really worth speculation. </p> <h2>The Hidden Facts About How to Value a College Education Essay </h2> <p>Another advantage of our site is the snappiness. Training is a noteworthy vehicle of securing basic information and procedures. The more noteworthy the level of instruction, the more noteworthy increment in middle profit. Field-tested strategy for web business venture. </p>

Writing Poetry Prompts

<h1>Writing Poetry Prompts</h1><p>Spelling and sentence structure are two key aptitudes that each understudy realizes when they go to secondary school. Despite the fact that the spelling isn't a prerequisite, in any event, expounding on troublesome themes, for example, legislative issues or religion can be very precarious. In this way, it would be useful if your composing prompts originate from the very source, the course syllabus!</p><p></p><p>One of the most ideal approaches to convey secondary school understudies who have an enthusiasm for writing and composing is using acceptable quality verse prompts. Composing prompts will assist the understudy with starting composing verse, just by presenting the best possible jargon for verse into the universe of verse. These sonnets would then be able to be utilized in different courses as well.</p><p></p><p>The most ideal approach to discover which sonnets you can convey is t o get a quality example word list from the instructor. This implies all the understudies that are keen on composing should set aside effort to see this rundown. This rundown contains all the words that could be remembered for the sonnets that are to be conveyed. You would then be able to give them the verse brief to convey their preferred sonnets with the assistance of an example poem.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous extraordinary sonnets that you can consider for your sonnet prompts. In any case, these sonnets will vary starting with one author then onto the next. The test lies in finding the ideal words that the artist is searching for in his very own and private space.</p><p></p><p>It is conceivable that your verse prompts will be one of the most requested sonnets that understudies will request when they convey their school articles toward the year's end school placement tests. Knowing the sorts of sonnets that your understudies are probably going to compose makes it simpler for you to get your verse prompts in the privilege form.</p><p></p><p>With the arrival of The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, numerous secondary school understudies began composing verse. They need to discover which words are in plenitude in the books and they need to utilize these words in their own sonnets. Along these lines, they will realize how to compose verse that will fit the understudies' words.</p><p></p><p>Writing verse prompts is something that understudies love to do when they are composing their school paper or proposition. On the off chance that you give them the instruments that they have to do as such, they will think that its a lot simpler to compose the ideal poetry.</p>

Essay about Oedipus Do Not Try to Control Your Fate

â€Å"Every man has his own destiny: the only imperative is to follow it, to accept it, no matter where it leads him.† In other words, the connotation of this anonymous quote states that despite whatever one chooses to decide, the outcome of their choices and decisions will still result to their predetermined fate. Sophocles’ tragedy, Oedipus the King, demonstrates this statement throughout the play in the role of his tragic hero Oedipus. In the course of Oedipus’ actions of trying to escape his predestined fortune, his fate and flaws of being human played major roles to bring about his downfall. Oedipus’ doom was already predetermined by an Oracle at Delphi before the moment of his birth; thus, despite what choices the people who played a†¦show more content†¦In all likelihood, the fate of Oedipus would have been much different if his parents had decided to accept fate, rather than control it. Instead, their disregard of the prophecy and actions of escaping it had influenced in fulfilling it. Equally important to the role of fate in bringing about the downfall of Oedipus is the human flaw of arrogance that clouded Oedipus’ intellect to reason. One can ultimately see this human flaw in the beginning of the play as he says â€Å"Here I am myself – you all know me, the world knows my fame: I am Oedipus† (p 262, line 7-9). One day Oedipus heard someone say that he wasn’t his father’s son in which bothered him greatly and triggered his curiosity in whether Polybus and Merope were his biological parents. So, as a way to figure out his identity and true origins, he left to Delphi to see the Oracle. However, instead of answering Oedipus’ answer of who his true parents were, the Oracle told him of his fate that â€Å"You are fated to couple with your mother, you will bring a breed of children into the light no man can bear to see – you will kill your father the one who gave you life† (p. 297, lines 873-875). Hence, his arroga nce is clearly showed as he disregards the prophecy, similar to the actions of Laius and Jocasta by escaping it, as he abandons Corinth and sets forth to a place where he â€Å"would never see the shame of all those oracles come true† (p. 297, lines 879-880). His flaw ofShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Dramatic Irony In Oedipus1400 Words   |  6 PagesSophocles uses irony in his writing to prove only fate controls ones life and not free will. The dramatic irony asserting the reader that the prophecy had indeed come true before Oedipus even knows it further proves that fate controls the lives of mortals. Teiresias uses irony to proclaim to Oedipus â€Å"that with those you love best you live in foulest shame unconsciously and do not see where you are in calamity (633).Teiresias used dramatic irony by telling Oedipus how his life contains a path of shame yetRead MoreFate And Free Will : Oedipus The King1136 Words   |  5 PagesClearly depicted, in Oedipus the King, is the Greek s popular belief that fate will control a man s life in spite of man s free will. Throughout the story, the concept of fate and free will plays an integral part in Oedipus destruction and ultimately the death of his family. Destined to marry his mother and murder his father, Oedipus was guided by fate. When Oedipus learns of his fate he immediately tries to prevent it, as did his mother and father. This prophecy, as warned by the Oracle ofRead MoreInfluenced by Humans but Beyond Human Control: Fate in Oedipus767 Words   |  4 PagesFate; something that unavoidably befalls upon a person, fate is influenced by one’s own actions, but is ultimately dictated by events beyond human control. In this play Sophocles demonstrates the power of fate through certain situations that occur throughout the play which are uncontrollable. The gods preordained Oedipus’ future, with all its intricacies and landmarks which lead Oedipus on his quest to find his identity and the truth. Howev er, the path Oedipus â€Å"chooses† is simply a reaction to theRead MoreThe Global Positioning System ( Gps )935 Words   |  4 Pagesyou where your current location was and then it would pinpoint the destination you are trying to get to. The global positioning system would then give you different routes you could take, and give you an estimated time on how long each route could possibly take. Think of fate like the different routes you are given on your global positioning system. You have a bunch of options, but they all lead you to the same destination. When dealing with fate, it may seem like you are in control of your life, andRead MoreThe Importance Of Fate In Oedipus Rex777 Words   |  4 Pages Fate is known as a predetermined course of events that are beyond a person’s control. Those individuals that acclaim their fate are eventually granted happiness over those who deny and try to change it. For years cultural and religious groups have emphasized how importa nt trusting in your fate is. For example, Sophocles’ play entitled Oedipus Rex exemplifies the repercussions of what happens when you slap fate in the face. In Oedipus Rex, the main character, Oedipus tries to run from and changeRead MoreSimilar Ideas of Fate in Oedipus the King, by Sophocles and Crash527 Words   |  3 PagesThe play, Oedipus the King, by Sophocles, shares very similar ideas of fate as the movie Crash. Fate is the idea that the outcome of events are out of our control, that your life is predetermined. Both of these works use the idea that one cannot escape their fate, that it is set and nothing can change it. However, in Oedipus the King, Oedipus believes that he can escape or change his fate while the characters in Crash do not even try to. In the play, Oedipus the King, Oedipus believes that he canRead MoreFate vs Free Will1663 Words   |  7 PagesOedipus The King: Fate Vs. Free Will The ancient Greek writer, Sophocles suggests that while there are factors beyond mankind’s control that we have the power to make choices that affect our destiny. In his play, Oedipus the King, Sophocles makes it quite clear that although everyone is born with a fate, you have the ability to alter its direction and toll. The main character of the play, Oedipus, is based on the way Sophocles portrays the equilibrium between fate and freewill, and shows theRead MoreFate and Freewill in Oedipus the King Essay819 Words   |  4 Pages In the play Oedipus Rex, it shows many different forms of fate and freewill. Fate is a word that can be defined in many different ways. Fate can affect a persons life in many different ways. Oedipuss fate ruined his life and lead him to a horrible death. Antigones life was also thrown out to the hand of fate. Neither one of them had any freewill in there lifetime, all of there lives were based upon the fate that the gods handed to them. Both of these elements, fate and freewill, play aRead More Fate Versus Free Will Essay1746 Words   |  7 PagesFate Versus Free Will Fate, as described in the Oxford English Dictionary, is â€Å"The principle, power, or agency by which, according to certain philosophical and popular systems of belief, all events, or some events in particular, are unalterably predetermined from eternity.† To the western world, fate is perceived as â€Å"a sentence or doom of the gods† (Oxford). They often sought prophecies of the gods, especially from Apollo, the god of knowledge. The Greeks would seek prophecies usually whenRead MoreUnderstanding Fate in Oedipus Tyrannos1196 Words   |  5 Pagesthe personages. It is the case in the play Oedipus Tyrannos. The play, written by Sophocles, represents the typical Greek view of the world with all the values that the Greeks wanted to show. This play is probably the best example to represent the typical tragic hero, in that case Oedipus. The dominant theme that Sophocles wanted to demonstrate in the play was the concept of fate and how nobody was able to escape it, not even the most prestigious people. Fate was extremely important for the Greeks because

Benefits of Using an Essay Writing Service

<h1>Benefits of Using an Essay Writing Service</h1><p>Choosing the best exposition composing administration requires a lot of thought and thought. This article will investigate the advantages of utilizing the administrations of a paper composing administration. These administrations make them thing in like manner, they all accept that they can help the understudy by giving them the best answer for an ideal exposition. The principle things that they offer are:</p><p></p><p>If you need to discuss the greatest advantage to utilizing an article composing administration, at that point it is that they have no questions about revealing to you the most fascinating theme to utilize. Since they have done all the examination for you, they will give you the best subject. Since they have an assortment of subjects accessible, you are not constrained on the point you need to utilize. By including your own taste, you can pick any theme that you need. This is significant since a great many people want to work with the administrations they can relate with and support.</p><p></p><p>Another advantage of picking the paper composing administration is that they can comprehend what sort of individual you are. They will have the option to talk about various subjects to utilize and they will likewise have the option to assist you with your paper to improve it. This is extremely useful when composing papers for school or college and there are numerous understudies who can't compose well.</p><p></p><p>When you utilize the article composing administration, you will have the option to get input with respect to the exposition that you have composed. The commentator will mention to you what he/she thinks about your exposition. This is significant since it gives you a thought regarding the highlights of the exposition and what the analyst feels about it. This will make your paper unique in relation to dif ferent articles that have the equivalent topic.</p><p></p><p>You can break down and even improve your exposition. The analyst will recommend a superior point and you can do that as well. You have a wide assortment of themes that you can browse and you will have the chance to pick the best subject that you need to use.</p><p></p><p>You can utilize the administration of an article composing administration to distribute your exposition to the world. You can pick your point and afterward pick the particular distributing stage that you need to utilize. It will make your article simple to distribute and you will likewise have the choice to plan the spread so it will look better.</p><p></p><p>Essay composing administrations additionally give instructing to the individuals who are apprentices. They will show you the best approach to compose a superior paper and they will likewise assist you with figuring out how to comp ose an article in a sorted out way. This is significant in light of the fact that it will make your paper additionally intriguing and allow you to distribute it on the web. Having a one of a kind topic in your exposition will make it extraordinary and you will get the opportunity to pull in the consideration of readers.</p>